Association as a way to develop new habits

I've been trying to eat more fruit, but somehow I always found some excuse not to do it. Recently, I decided to make eating fruit part of my breakfast. And I'm proud to say that I've eaten a piece of fruit every day for the past two weeks! Another habit I've developed is doing a morning stretch. I write an entry in my worklog most mornings (just a short sentence about what work I plan to accomplish). I noticed that my body was getting cramped at the end of the day and I was developing a terrible backache so I started doing a stretch along with my worklog entry.

By associating a new habit with an older, more successful one, I have managed to greatly accelerate my personal development process. The next challenge is to go to the gym 5 days a week. Wish me luck.

Link of the day: Tesla Downunder

A crazy Australian in love with electricity builds gigantic Tesla coils and photographs his projects. There is even a recreation of the Soviet Tesla coil trooper from Command and Conquer: Red Alert. I remember when I went to the Boston Museum of Science and saw the electricity show. Mr. Tesla Downunder reminds me of that.

This is a fantastic website for any aspiring physicist.

Song of the day: "Moments in the Woods" by Stephen Sondheim

I'm amazed at the intellectual complexity of this song. This is one of the most thoughtful songs I've heard. Joanna Gleason performs it so well; it's no wonder she won a Tony Award.

From Into the Woods

What was that?

Was that me?
Was that him?
Did a Prince really kiss me?
And kiss me?
And kiss me?
And did I kiss him back?

Was it wrong?
Am I mad?
Is that all?
Does he miss me?
Was he suddenly
Getting bored with me?

Wake up! Stop dreaming.
Stop prancing about the woods.
It's not beseeming.
What is it about the woods?

Back to life, back to sense,
Back to child, back to husband,
You can't live in the woods.
There are vows, there are ties,
There are needs, there are standards,
There are shouldn'ts and shoulds.

Why not both instead?
There's the answer, if you're clever:
Have a child for warmth,
And a Baker for bread,
And a Prince for whatever-
Never!
It's these woods.

Face the facts, find the boy,
Join the group, stop the Giant-
Just get out of these woods.
Was that him? Yes it was.
Was that me? No it wasn't,
Just a trick of the woods.

Just a moment,
One peculiar passing moment...
Must it all be either less or more,
Either plain or grand?
Is it always "or"?
Is it never "and"?
That's what woods are for:
For those moments in the woods...

Oh. if life were made of moments,
Even now and then a bad one-!
But if life were only moments,
Then you'd never know you had one.

First a Witch, then a child,
Then a Prince, then a moment-
Who can live in the woods?
And to get what you wish,
Only just for a moment-
These are dangerous woods...

Let the moment go...
Don't forget it for a moment, though.
Just remembering you've had an "and",
When you're back to "or",
Makes the "or" mean more
Than it did before.
Now I understand-

And it's time to leave the woods.

Song of the day: "Giants in the Sky" by Stephen Sondheim

This is one of Sondheim's simpler songs, but I enjoy the fun, wondrous tone. It reminds me of when I was in college, discovering the beauty of science for the first time.

From Into the Woods

There are Giants in the sky!
There are big tall terrible Giants
in the sky!

When you're way up high
And you look below
At the world you left
And the things you know,
Little more than a glance
Is enough to show
You just how small you are.

When you're way up high
And you're own your own
In a world like none
That you've ever known,
Where the sky is lead
And the earth is stone,

You're free, to do
Whatever pleases you,
Exploring things you'd never dare
'Cause you don't care,
When suddenly there's

A big tall terrible Giant at the door,
A big tall terrible lady Giant
sweeping the floor.
And she gives you food
And she gives you rest
And she draws you close
To her Giant breast,
And you know things now
that you never knew before,
Not till the sky.

Only just when you've made
A friend and all,
And you know she's big
But you don't feel small,
Someone bigger than her
Comes along the hall
To swallow you for lunch.

And your heart is lead
And your stomach stone
And you're really scared
Being all alone...

And it's then that you miss
All the things you've known
And the world you've left
And the little you own-

The fun is done.
You steal what you can and run.
And you scramble down
And you look below,
And the world you know
Begins to grow:

The roof, the house, and your Mother at the door.
The roof, the house and the world you never thought to explore.
And you think of all of the things you've seen,
And you wish that you could live in between,
And you're back again,
Only different than before,
After the sky.

There are Giants in the sky!
There are big tall terrible awesome scary wonderful
Giants in the sky!

Enneagram

I read an interesting e-book about different personality types via this post. There are 9 different personality types described by a kind of star inscribed in a circle called the enneagram. The idea is that the different personality types complement each other. According to a short online test (there is a longer test for $10), I am a tie between Type 1 (the achiever) and Type 6 (the loyalist). The e-book by Mark McGuinness suggests that we become entrenched in our types and we should try to incorporate the strengths of other types into other lives. For example, a Type 1 achiever should stop to enjoy the moment. The enneagram seems like a nice way to methodically examine yourself and compensate for the weaknesses of your personalities.

Song of the day: "Children Will Listen" by Stephen Sondheim

This song is wise and beautiful (though it's not apparent if you just sing the melody, you really need the orchestra and ensemble to do the piece justice).

From Into the Woods

Careful the things you say,
Children will listen.
Careful the things you do,
Children will see.
And learn.

Children may not obey,
But children will listen.
Children will look to you
For which way to turn,
To learn what to be.

Careful before you say,
"Listen to me."
Children will listen.

Careful the wish you make,
Wishes are children.
Careful the path they take,
Wishes come true,
Not free.

Careful the spell you cast,
Not just on children.
Sometimes the spell may last
Past what you can see
And turn against you...

Careful the tale you tell.
That is the spell.
Children will listen...

Song of the day: "Boulevard of Broken Dreams" by Green Day

I really like the tone and mood of this song.

I walk a lonely road
The only one that I have ever known
Don't know where it goes
But it's only me and I walk alone

I walk this empty street
On the Boulevard of Broken Dreams
Where the city sleeps
and I'm the only one and I walk alone

I walk alone
I walk alone

I walk alone
I walk a...

My shadow's the only one that walks beside me
My shallow heart's the only thing that's beating
Sometimes I wish someone out there will find me
'Til then I walk alone

Ah-ah, Ah-ah, Ah-ah, Aaah-ah,
Ah-ah, Ah-ah, Ah-ah

I'm walking down the line
That divides me somewhere in my mind
On the border line
Of the edge and where I walk alone

Read between the lines
What's fucked up and everything's alright
Check my vital signs
To know I'm still alive and I walk alone

I walk alone
I walk alone

I walk alone
I walk a...

My shadow's the only one that walks beside me
My shallow heart's the only thing that's beating
Sometimes I wish someone out there will find me
'Til then I walk alone

Ah-ah, Ah-ah, Ah-ah, Aaah-ah
Ah-ah, Ah-ah

I walk alone
I walk a...

I walk this empty street
On the Boulevard of Broken Dreams
Where the city sleeps
And I'm the only one and I walk a...

My shadow's the only one that walks beside me
My shallow heart's the only thing that's beating
Sometimes I wish someone out there will find me
'Til then I walk alone...

Work on a schedule

I read a recent post about how you should just write every day (or on some kind of schedule) and not expect inspiration to strike. That's pretty much true of anything in life and applies to common academic activities like research and teaching as well. This simple concept also reminds me of a quote from Dune by Frank Herbert:

Not in the mood? Moods are things for cattle or loveplay or playing the baliset, not for fighting.

Physical Review now allows Chinese character author names

I saw an editorial in Physical Review Letters today. There are too many Chinese characters that are phonetically identical, so for instance, you can end up with eight different names that would be written as Wei Wang. So now Physical Review will allow some authors (which some?) to put their name in script next to their English name. Hmm, I should try that.

Quote of the day: Office revenge according to Peter Fisher

One of my favorite quotes from the Fisher Files (Sequence II, Episode 2: Screwed!):

There are going to be those situations where you are going to want to retaliate and in general, I counsel against that. Satisfying as it is, it usually doesn't achieve its end; it really doesn't make things better. However, if you feel that you just really have to retaliate, a really interesting thing to do, particularly during the summer, is, if the person has an office or a desk or something, get a fish. And depending on whether it's a large office, you might want a larger fish, a bluefish or something. A smaller desk, maybe a herring. Wrap it tightly in foil and hide it really really well. And what happens is as the fish begins to rot, there's just this kind of lingering odor which never quite gets bad enough to do anything about but is obnoxious. And especially if you get the right kind of fish, it smells vaguely human. Again, I don't recommend this, but if you really have to do something, this is a pretty good thing to do.
- Peter Fisher

Poem of the day: Beside the Point by Stephen Cushman

A poem that reminds us to get out of the rat race and enjoy life once in a while.

Beside the Point
by Stephen Cushman

The sky has never won a prize.
The clouds have no careers.
The rainbow doesn't say my work,
thank goodness.

The rock in the creek's not so productive.
The mud on the bank's not too pragmatic.
There's nothing useful in the noise
the wind makes in the leaves.

Buck up now, my fellow superfluity,
and let's both be of that worthless ilk,
self-indulgent as shooting stars,
self-absorbed as sunsets.

Who cares if we're inconsequential?
At least we can revel, two good-for-nothings,
in our irrelevance; at least come and make
no difference with me.

Strategic reminders

There's been some discussion at Metafilter about using your calendar to remind yourself of recurring events. I have been doing that already for the last two years. I use my calendar to remind myself of tasks ranging from the mundane daily stuff to weekly and yearly actions.

Here's a sampling of some reminders:

Daily - check weather, take vitamins, sit up straight, drink water, fill out worklog/daily checklist/timecard

Multiple times weekly - go to gym

Once a week - seminar reminders, listen to new music, backup hard drive, replenish cash in wallet from ATM, update financial information

Once a month - more extensive computer maintenance, clean room, clean bathroom , change contact lenses, go over finances

Less frequent - birthdays, reminder to send Christmas cards, quarterly review, reminder to write an update to stay in touch with friends

My view is that my calendar is a gentler version of the nagging mom. Maybe one of these days I will finally sit up straight!

Tracking processing tasks and questions

I'm using Gmail to track quick tasks and questions I have from reading, class, or seminars. I came up with my method independently of Cal Newport but it is basically the same as described in his blog entry. To summarize:

1. Create a Gmail label.
   
2. Decide on an email address to go along with it. I use username+p@gmail.com for process tasks and username+q@gmail.com for questions.
   
3. Create a filter that will archive all email sent to those addresses to the appropriate label. For example, all emails to username+p@gmail.com will be labelled "process" and archived.
   
4. Create an email shortcut in all your email programs for these addresses. I type a single letter "p" in Pine and it fills in the address username+p@gmail.com.
   
5. Pick one day out of the week where you will go through your process and questions labels. I think it's best to do this on your all-administration day.

How do I decide what tasks to send to my process label? They are basically some kind administration (downloading a paper and putting it into my Jabref database, looking at some funny video someone sent me, a reminder to do something at home that I can't do right now because I'm at my office, etc). They might be a task that I can't do right now because I'm in the wrong context. Or they might be a task that is relatively short but longer than the two minutes that David Allen recommends (2 minutes < t < 15 minutes). If the task takes too long, I get distracted from my real wrok. I prefer using a Gmail queue to keep track of little tasks because they are too trivial to put into a GTD system like todo.txt. Also, I want to get them out of the way. If they sit around for more than two weeks, then it becomes less and less likely that I will do them.

The reason I use a Gmail queue to keep track of questions is so that I have a natural way to check them off. Also, since I check my Gmail account all the time, I'm constantly nagged to follow up on my questions.

Some new productivity things I'm trying

First, I'm going back to an old-fashioned idea: time cards. I use grid-lined index cards (available from Levenger). I write down the times of day in 15-minute blocks, going from 12 midnight to 11:45 am on one side and 12 noon to 11:45 pm on the other side. At the end of each day, I recorded the number of hours spent on various activities such as sleeping, hygiene, meals, research, teaching, homework, classroom, sports, exercise, administration, errands, news reading, internet surfing, etc. I'm hoping this will help me be more efficient.

Second, I have a bad habit of checking email whenever I'm bored, so now I'm limiting myself to checking my work account twice a day and my non-work account and Facebook once a day. Of course, there will be exceptions if I'm expecting something. I sent up a reminder for myself in Yahoo Calendar telling me when I can check my email. The reminder goes to my Yahoo email account which is not publicly available and only serves as an organization hub for todo items.

I'll report back on if any of these schemes work.

Complete notes on Fisher Files, Sequence II

I finally got around to finishing my notes on all twelve episodes of the Fisher Files, Sequence II. Here are links to the notes to each episode.

• Episode 1: Imposter! - Some perspective on why you shouldn't be so hard on yourself.
  
• Episode 2: Screwed! - How to resolve conflicts with colleagues.
  
• Episode 3: Your thesis - How to plan and write your thesis.
  
• Episode 4: Postdoc - How to get a postdoc and how to be a postdoc.
  
• Episode 5: Travel - The cost of travel and how to make travel easier on yourself.
  
• Episode 6: Junior faculty positions - How to look for junior faculty positions and put together your application, how to manage your interview and visit, and how to negotiate offers.
  
• Episode 7: Giving a talk on your work - Some general advice about giving good talks and some specific advice about how to give different types of talks in academia.
  
• Episode 8: Getting tenure - How to go about getting tenure.
  
• Episode 9: Teaching - How to prepare for your first course, how to manage the logistics of the course, and some general advice about good teaching.
  
• Episode 10: Vacation - Why you should take a vacation, what counts as a vacation, and how to plan for one.
  
• Episode 11: What to work on - How to get funding, how to work with collaborations and students, and how to use your department/university as a resource.
  
• Episode 12: Summary - Main points of Sequence II.
  

Notes on Fisher Files, Sequence II, Episode 12 - Summary

Here are my notes on the Fisher Files episode entitled "Summary."

Main points of Sequence II

1. The greatest advantage of academic life is the freedom to do what you want (within some constraints)
   
   • You are encouraged and allowed largely to decide what you're going to do and how you're going to do it
     
   • This kind of freedom is very rare in life
     
   • Therefore, don't work on projects solely to get funding or tenure
     
   • Academic career is about following your heart
2. Academic career is about being free and open in your interactions with people
   
   • That means being available, even if you don't want to be available
     
   • Peter tries to keep his door open at least half the time that he's in his office
3. Avoid busyness, streamline things as much as possible, and make hard decisions not to do things
   
   • Busyness means doing administration and other "easy" tasks that aren't really important
     
   • It's easy to take on too much
     
   • It's easy to become burdened by administration and do those tasks because they are easy where as research and deep thinking are hard
     
   • Don't fall into that trap
4. Mindfulness
   
   • Live in the moment
     
   • Don't spend time dwelling on the past or worrying about the future
5. Work and family
   
   • Many people in academia shaft their families
     
   • But keep in mind, that the happiest people in academia are those who struck a balance between work and family
     
   • These people were with their family and children all through out their lives, not just at convenient moments
     
   • Need to have clear boundaries between work and family
     
   • Don't answer email on a laptop and try to watch your child at the same time
     
   • Think about your life 20-30 years from now
     
   • Research is transitory and ephemeral whereas friendships and family are long-term
6. Career is a natural progression of stages
   
   • Don't let career concerns dominate your thinking
     
   • Again, going back to the idea of academic freedom, don't work for the sake of tenure, funding, fame, etc.
     
   • Enjoy your academic freedom

Notes on Fisher Files, Sequence II, Episode 11 - What to work on

Here are my notes on the Fisher Files episode entitled "What to work on."

• Science is fluid and often there are academic fashions.
  
• Be true to yourself and work on things that are important and that you find interesting.
  
  • "Important" is determined by the community (public decision)
    
  • "Interesting" is what gets you out of bed. If it's not interesting, you won't do your best work.
• Consider the project's timescale and the resources you need
  
  • Generally these will be underestimates, but remember this is a rough plan subject to change
    
  • Don't force yourself to stick to the original plan
    
  • Resources include money, time, collaborators, students
    
  • Peter finds that money is not so important at the beginning stages. If you have a really good idea, getting initial funds is not too hard
• Getting funding
  
  • As time goes on, the scope and costs of your project become more clear
    
  • You start competing with established projects
    
  • For funding agencies, it is important to have a good story, meaning a narrative that expresses why this is important, how it fits in with other work, what's unique about it, what the opportunities are, how it connects with students
    
  • Notice that this narrative is not directly related to the scientific case
    
  • But realize that agencies are concerned with other matters besides just scientific merit, they might be interested in professional development, building up key research areas, outreach
    
  • The most important thing is that they understand your ideas and why they should fund it (express yourself clearly)
• What happens when you apply for a grant
  
  • You submit a proposal, the proposal goes to a program office
    
  • The program officer has a budget and has to fight for that budget out of the overall budget from the federal government
    
  • The easier you make it for the program officer to defend his/her program, the more likely your grant will be funded
    
  • You might consider meeting with the program officer and explaining what you want to do
    
  • It's not so important that the idea be mainstream
    
  • Again, the most important thing is that you explain why your idea is good and why it should be supported
• Collaborations
  
  • Building collaborations is a sensitive topic
    
  • Be honest (don't lie)
    
  • Be clear and say everything without hiding anything
    
  • Unlikely that anyone will steal your ideas
    
  • Even your competitors will appreciate forthrightness
    
  • Your competitors can be worthwhile collaborators on an informal basis (compare notes)
    
  • In beginning, don't be too choosy about collaborators
    
  • However, if someone treats you badly, tell them immediately and in stark terms
    
  • Insist on respect right away, don't wait until later
    
  • Perhaps your most important resource is your collaborators
• Students
  
  • Be honest with graduate students about their prospects for a thesis, especially at the beginning of the project
    
  • Undergrads can work on risky projects that don't necessarily pan out
    
  • The senior thesis doesn't have to be a successful project; it can just be valiant attempt
• Department/university resources
  
  • Talk to chair about getting research leave or time off teaching
    
  • Asking for a semester leave is a lot
    
  • See if you can get a few weeks off here and there at crucial moments in the project (e.g. when a big piece of equipment comes in)
    
  • Try to get off committee assignments
    
  • Negotiate for lab space
    
  • When talking to dean or chair about resources, make it clear how the money will be spent
    
  • You will have much more leverage if the money is going to be spent on supporting students as opposed to supporting you directly
    
  • Be ready to talk about your work for departmental/university-wide fund raising
    
  • Give credit to funding agencies in presentations and papers

Notes on Fisher Files, Sequence II, Episode 10 - Vacation

Here are my notes on the Fisher Files episode entitled "Vacation."

• Your life as a professor will involve a lot of administration and meetings, managing people, and reviewing other people's performance. All of this stuff wears down on you and you need to take a vacation that gives you a respite from these responsibilities.
  
• If you don't take a vacation, your body and mind will impose a little vacation on you. Frequently, this appears as a lot of drinking, a short temper, or inattention.
  
• Requirements for a vacation
  
  • Don't respond to email. Set up an auto-responder.
    
  • Vacations should not be work of a different kind (e.g. fixing up the house). It should be unstructured time with no goals, deadlines, or appointments.
    
  • You have to remove yourself from your daily mode of thought and your daily routine (e.g. no reading physics papers on vacation).
    
  • Minimum of two weeks of vacation a year. You are typically paid 9 months a year by the university and up to 2 months by your research grant, so there is one month every year where you should not feel obligated to do anything. We need to push back
    against the university and colleagues who demand that we work all the time. This is hard to avoid in the modern age where we can potentially work anywhere with a laptop and wireless internet.
• How to plan a vacation
  
  • Treat your vacation as a project
    
  • Start thinking about your next vacation 1-2 months after you get back from your last vacation (e.g. make a project heading in your todo list)
    
  • the vacation project will be a source of positive energy every time you review your project list during your weekly review
    
  • if you have family, make it clear to yourself whether or not visiting your family is vacation
    
  • if visiting family is actually fulfillment of an obligation, that does not count as vacation
    
  • Remember that vacation is an investment that pays dividends
• Encourage your colleagues (grad students, postdocs) to take vacations
  
• Advisors should tell their grad students and postdocs that it's OK to take vacations
  
• In particular, people who have children really need to be careful about setting aside time for themselves and their relationship with their spouse. Their time will be eaten away by work and taking care of the children, but the relationship with the spouse is really important to both being productive and having a good family.

Notes on Fisher Files, Sequence II, Episode 9 - Teaching

Here are my notes on the Fisher Files episode entitled "Teaching."

Introduction

• Teaching happens anytime you interact with students or colleagues, not just in the formal lecture setting.
  
• If you're a good teacher, you will find that teaching goes both ways: you are teaching your students and colleagues and they are also teaching you.
  
• You want to organize an academic class in a way that is pleasurable and efficient for both you and students.
  
• Keys to lecturing well
  
  • Preparation
    
  • Finish on time without hurrying
    
  • Respect the students
    
  • Keep a tight feedback loop
• What doesn't work: Keeping a lecture or two ahead of the students because you will end up with a course that meanders (no, an outline is not good enough)

First time teaching the course

• When you start off, most universities will give you a tour of duty that involves teaching the same class three times in a row.
  
• Prepare the course well in advance. At the start of the course, have a rough draft of every single lecture. (that is, everything you will say and write on the blackboard) and a rough draft of every problem set (Yes, you read the last bullet point correctly. You need to prepare a rough draft of every lecture and every problem set. A class is a lot of work and the more of it you do ahead of time, the better)
  
• Need a clear idea of your goals so that you can assign useful problems in the problem sets
  
• Know your audience and your student’s capabilities; ask your colleagues who taught them the term/year before
  
• Need to constantly be adjusting the course to keep a balance between overwhelming and boring the students
  
• It's easy to find out if you're meeting that balance; just ask the students and section instructors
  
• Good idea to have a staff meeting every week for the course (usually 15-30 minutes is sufficient)
  
• In order to finish each lecture on time without hurrying, you will have to practice every lecture
  
• By practicing every lecture, that means practicing in real time with blackboards and a timer
  
• Won't cover the many aspects of lecturing (pacing, legible writing, presentation, etc) since there are books and media available on these topics

Logistics

• You need to have respect for the students and they need to respect you.
  
• The way to make this happen is to make clear your expectations of them and what they should expect from you
  
• Expectations is really about laying out boundaries
  
• Within your boundaries, you will be completely engaged in teaching and outside of those boundaries, spending more time on teaching is optional
  
• Lay out your expectations right away at the beginning of the course
  
• On the first day, hand out a one page sheet of expectations
  
• Reasonable expectations for you
  
  • You should finish your classes on time
    
  • Problem sets should be graded and returned with solutions in a timely fashion
    
  • Textbook should be chosen at a reasonable level
    
  • Students should find you available to discuss the course
• Reasonable expectations for students
  
  • Students should not bother you when you don't have office hours or an appointment scheduled
    
  • Students should not complain about their grades
    
  • Students should attend class on time
    
  • Students should make an honest attempt to complete their work
• When you hold office hours, you should really be available (i.e. waiting for students) and not doing other work
  
  • Peter likes to reserve a tutoring room and bring a magazine
    
  • Peter thinks it is useful to have office hours a few hours before the problem set is due so that you get a lot of students and can generate a lively discussion
• Should encourage students to email you with questions
  
  • Students should expect a thoughtful, timely response to a reasonable question
    
  • But they should not expect that they can send you a 4 page long email anytime and expect a response
• Problem sets and exams should be returned within a week maximum, preferably shorter because after that, students forget the material or the material becomes irrelevant
  
• Problem set/project due dates
  
  • Recognize that like yourself, students have complicated lives with many competing demands and it can be difficult to meet "arbitrarily set" deadlines
    
  • Peter's take: students should meet deadlines, but if they need extra time, they should tell the instructor and propose a new due date subject to instructor approval. If the instructor is not going to start grading the problem set/project soon anyways, it makes sense to give the student some extra time.

Teaching

• You should look at students while you lecture; are they engaged, bored, or lost?
  
• If they looked lost or disengaged, you should stop lecture and ask them what's wrong
  
• You should talk to students informally before/after lecture, during office hours to get feedback
  
• Course evaluations come too late and they just confirm at you knew already anyways
  
• Try to find out who the students are and what they are interested in (show an interest in their lives)
  
• Anything you can bring into the course from your research or experience is valuable because you will be passionate about it
  
• Find ways to make your teaching more efficient
  
  • One example, if you screw up in lecture, write up an explanation and pass it out in class rather than going over it on the blackboard
    
  • One idea: set up a video camera and videotape a blackboard derivation
• Section teaching
  
  • Role is not to give another version of lecture, do problem sets for the students, or answer questions
    
  • In first five minutes of class, figure out what the students need help with and make an agenda out of their questions and concerns
    
  • Group related questions together in the agenda
    
  • Spend rest of the time going through the agenda and addressing student’s questions in a Socratic dialogue
    
  • Make students feel like section is their time
• Teaching graduate students
  
  • Mainly you teach them to do your research for you
    
  • But take some time to prepare mini-lectures about things they should know but won't learn about in class (think about what you wish you had known as a grad student)
    
  • Try to meet with your graduate students weekly
    
  • Good to teaching your student something at every meeting
    
  • Also a good idea to have everyone teach each other at group meetings

Conclusion

• Remember that teaching is pleasurable because you spend a lot of time with students who are interested in the same things you are and want to learn from you. Students are endlessly fascinated with faculty: how you got there, where you went to school, what research you conduct.
  
• Just make sure this stuff doesn't spill into teaching time (set your boundaries)
  
• In contrast, most of your colleagues are just concerned with their own research and not really interested in what you are doing.

Notes on Fisher Files, Sequence II, Episode 8 - Getting Tenure

Here are my notes on the Fisher Files episode entitled "Getting tenure."

• Tenure is a big step because
  
  • It is a permanent position
    
  • Rejection is devastating since the people evaluating you are the people you've been working with for the last 5-7 years
    
  • Don't joke about tenure or the tenure process as it is a very sensitive topic
• Differences among universities
  
  • Some universities try to intervene early by mentoring and guiding young faculty
    
  • A few universities (not many) exert quality control at the hiring stage, so that tenure is a formality
• Thing to be clear on
  
  • As you get closer to the tenure decision date, prepare yourself for rejection
    
  • Know the rules and the procedure
    
  • Before you even accept the position, you should have found out
    
    • Is the process fair/unfair?
      
    • Who has input, who doesn't?
      
    • When does the review take place?
  • Formal rules set by American Association of University Professors (AAUP)
    
    • Professors must be evaluated for tenure by their 8th year (this is to prevent universities from stringing junior faculty along)
  • At MIT:
    
    • After 4 years, there is a review for promotion from assistant to associate professor without tenure
      
    • After 6 years, there is a review for promotion to associate professor with tenure
      
    • Leaves the 7th year for finding a new job if you are rejected
• How to get tenure
  
  • Don't consciously think about getting tenure
    
  • Keep a list of people you meet in a text file so that you can use them for references later on
    
  • Have self-respect
    
  • Be your own person and decide what you want to do
    
  • Assess the university as much as it assesses you
    
  • Use your time to do what you are excited about and build up your research group
    
  • Live your dream!!!
• Duplicity is bad and backfires
  
  • Don't choose research directions or collaborations for the sole purpose of getting tenure (people can tell and won't like it)
    
  • Don't try to solicit offers from other institutions in an effort to game the system (people will figure out what you are doing and get mad)
• Tenure criteria
  
  • Mainly based on research excellence
    
  • Show that you are a leader in your field by getting your name out
    
  • Giving review talks or writing review articles
    
  • Giving conference talks or seminars
    
  • To a lesser extent (depending on university), based on community service and teaching
    
  • In terms of teaching, people are really thinking about whether you respect the students as opposed to the quality of your teaching
    
    • Respecting students means keeping appointments, not making students feel unimportant, and grading honestly/fairly
  • Emotionally, people are thinking:
    
    • Is this a person I want to have in my department for the rest of my life?
      
    • Is this person competent in administration and will s/he pitch in?
      
    • Is this person going to choose good research topics and be a pioneer as opposed to just following the pack?
  • No shortcuts or magic formula to getting tenure (the faculty don't use a checklist)
• Community service
  
  • There are lots of jobs/committees and they (for the most part) are not fun
    
  • Find your niche: choose a job, take it over, and do it well
    
  • If you do the same job for a long time, it will get easier and take less time
    
  • If you want to make yourself stick out, choose a job that is unpopular like colloquium/seminar organization or graduate admissions
• Giving talks
  
  • Most seminar organizers are lazy and have a hard time finding speakers so take advantage of that
    
  • In July, email organizers and volunteer to give talks at good universities
    
  • Advantages of seminars over conference talks
    
    • At a conference, you are typically giving a 10-20 minute talk in a 2 hour session -- you can easily be missed
      
    • But you have a whole day at an institution for a seminar - 1 hour for the talk, dinner and appointments
  • Colloquium tenure talk
    
    • Typically you will be asked to give a colloquium on your work in preparation for the faculty voting on you
      
    • Make sure this colloquium is *really* accessible since it will be attended by faculty outside your field
      
    • Communicate clearly what you did and why it was important
      
    • Communicate clearly what students were involved and how you are connected to them (show your mentoring skills)
• As tenure review date approaches, know your time scales and options
  
  • Some people try to look for other offers at this time
    
  • Only consider offers you are serious about
    
  • Let your university know what you are doing

Notes on Fisher Files, Sequence II, Episode 7 - Giving a talk on your work

Here are my notes on the Fisher Files episode entitled "Giving a talk on your work."

• Why are you giving this talk?
  
  • Affects how you prepare
    
  • Affects what visuals you use
• What messages are you trying to convey?
  
  • Is it a job talk, conference talk, colloquium, or popular talk?
• Don't automatically just give any talk that any old person asks you to do. Like travel, there is a major time commitment.
  
• General advice about talks
  
  • Most important tips
    
    • Talk needs to be interesting!!!
      
    • Talk needs to be informative
      
    • Have a conscious idea of what your message is
      
    • If you don't have a conscious idea of what your message is, you don't have a clear idea of what will come out of your talk
  • Logistics
    
    • Don't go over time or rush at the end
      
    • Target 50 min talk for 1 hour time slot
      
    • If you have a movie, make sure it works on the actual projector. The lighting could be bad, the projector might not be compatible with the movie.
      
    • Bring hard copy of the talk
      
    • Setup computer a minimum of 15 minutes before the talk
      
    • Don't use transparencies that were obviously written on the plane (that insults the audience)
      
    • Have a PDF of your PowerPoint/Keynote presentation as backup
  • Message/scope
    
    • The number of big ideas should match the amount of time you have
  • Structure of talk
    
    • Find a way to make your talk interesting
      
    • Make sure you talk about things you are interested in
      
    • Don't just give a cookie cutter talk
      
    • Audiences can tell if you are truly interested in your talk
  • Style of talk
    
    • Use more pictures/graphs and less diagrams, bullet points, and equations. It makes research more physical, gives deeper sense of complexity.
      
    • Charts and graphs are better than tables and bullet points
      
    • Face audience
      
    • Don't use bullet points, just use keywords and talk about them
      
    • Don't just read off the slide
      
    • Don't feel compelled to explain every detail (most of them are boring anyways)
      
    • Emphasize the details you find interesting (make the talk about you)
      
    • Don't forget to give credit: just mention everyone you worked with. Be generous with credit since it's not good to make enemies and besides it's honest.
• Different types of talks
  
  • Thesis defense
    
    • Demonstrate that you have mastered your field
  • Job talks
    
    • Show how you fit in the department
      
    • Show your analysis skills
      
    • Show how capable you are
      
    • Illustrate deep thinking about physics
      
    • Don't just expand a conference talk
  • Conference talks
    
    • If you are going to give a 10 minute talk, only have one idea
      
    • You have less scope for making it interesting
      
    • OK to use lots of words and put in lots of results that you don't address in your talk because likely your talk will be publicly available
      
    • Proceedings (if there are any) should be an accurate representation of your talk; any ideas that occur after the talk should be footnoted
  • Seminar
    
    • For a seminar (approximately one hour), use one theme and 5 sub themes
      
    • Prepare a 50 minute talk for a one hour slot
      
    • Encourage audience to ask questions during the seminar and not afterwards
      
    • Don't need to show what you did as opposed to what other people did (unlike job talk)
      
    • Can assume audience is well-grounded in your field
      
    • Be a little conservative in assuming what everyone knows (use a few introductory slides)
      
    • Introduce yourself: name, who you are, level, where you are from, and who you work with
      
    • Don't use a cookie cutter structure
      
    • Start generally and narrow focus in first 10% of talk (first 5-8 slides)
      
    • At end of talk (last 10% or 5-7 slides), open up the focus again
      
    • Don't just stop after showing your result, explain why the result is important in the larger context
      
    • Bring closure to talk
  • Colloquium
    
    • Important to know your audience
      
    • Similar to seminar: start broad, focus in and then focus out, *but* do all this more slowly
      
    • Could be a job talk for a senior position (in this case, an assessment of how well you communicate)
      
    • Much less detail than a seminar
      
    • More about what you do, than how you do it
      
    • More pictures, less equations
      
    • Stories helpful (e.g. how the discovery took place, who the people were)
      
    • Need to work much harder in colloquium to engage the audience than in a seminar
      
    • Don't expand a seminar into a colloquium talk; it's easy for the audience to sense (then the audience becomes bored)
      
    • Colloquium much more formal, typically questions are reserved for the end
      
    • Opportunity to reach out to people outside your field and inform them
      
    • Pare down your ideas
      
    • Only communicate the simplest ones, rather than trying to conveying the deep elegance that only a few people understand
      
    • Don't rush
  • Plenary talks
    
    • Broad in scope
      
    • Even more important to give credit
  • Popular talks
    
    • Even more emphasis on explaining clearly, using pictures, and finishing on time
      
    • Important to practice, maybe even video tape yourself

Notes on Fisher Files, Sequence II, Episode 6 - Junior faculty positions

Here are my notes on the Fisher Files episode entitled "Junior faculty positions."

• Getting a junior faculty position is much different from getting a postdoctoral position. Unlike a postdoc:
  
  • There is a clear evaluation of your work
    
  • Deep emotional commitment
    
  • Heavy investment in personal relationships with colleagues
    
  • Broader commitment to the university, responsibilities besides research
    
  • Involvement in running the university
    
  • Expected to work with colleagues to solve problems
• How to get a job
  
  • Need strong publication record; evaluated on scientific achievements and their importance
    
  • Make sure you get an important result as a postdoc
    
  • Make clear what role you had in the result
    
  • Emphasize leadership abilities: supervision of students, working with multiple colleagues
    
  • Develop strong research direction (that matches the department's interests)
    
  • Commit yourself to a research direction, don't appear to be "flexible" and desperate for any old job
• Timing
  
  • Time your research so that you get results before the fall
    
  • Search committee gets together in fall and puts out ads
    
  • Shortlist in November-December
    
  • Interviews in December-February
    
  • Decision in January-February
    
  • Offers in spring
    
  • Talk to senior people to find out where are the open positions and the quality of the institutions
• Components of application
  
  • CV
    
  • Publication list
    
  • 3 letters of recommendation
    
    • Don't just email the recommenders, write a formal letter
      
    • Most important quality in a recommender is that they can talk about you and your work
      
    • Good to ask senior people to recommend you, but only if they know you well
      
    • Make sure you don't ask someone who just writes uniformly effusive (but useless) letters
  • Cover letter
    
    • 2 ways of doing the cover letter: 1) short cover letter attached to research statement, 2) long cover letter including research interests
      
    • Peter recommends the long cover letter, tailored to each university so that it seems like you're interested and not just looking for a job
  • Get started early, well ahead of the deadline
• Letters of recommendation
  
  • Good letter does not need to be long, more concise the better
    
  • Introductory paragraph on how the recommender knows the candidate
    
  • Few paragraphs on what the candidate has done
    
  • Few paragraphs assessing the suitability and characteristics of the candidate
    
  • The letter needs to be useful to the committee!!
    
  • If you can, meet with the recommender and explain where you are applying and how many letters are needed
    
  • Useful to give the recommender a one page summary of your accomplishments
    
  • Ask for letters early
• On-site visit
  
  • When you apply for a postdoc, you are mainly trying to convince the advisor that you are competent
    
  • When you apply for a faculty position, you have to convince the search committee that you know what you're doing AND that you know where you're going
    
  • For job talk, stay on time and allow time for questions. Make your job talk interesting. Find out ahead of time who your audience is
    
  • Expect to talk to at least 8 people during your visit, give you talk, and go out to dinner over the course of 1-2 days
    
  • Have answers prepared for
    
    • Why do you want to come here?
      
    • Where else are you looking?
      
    • Why do you think your research interests fit with the department's research interests?
      
    • How do you anticipate dividing your time between the university and the laboratory?
      
    • What level of startup funds do you need
  • Do not be passive in the interview, find out what the place is like and what you are expected to do there
    
  • Questions for you to ask
    
    • What is the hiring process
      
    • When will the decision be made?
      
    • What is the nature of the position?
      
    • How likely can a hire be made in this area?
      
    • What is the tenure process?
  • Be sure to ask people about their research and take an interest in them
• Job offer
  
  • Tell them how much startup funds you need
    
  • Ask for help with relocation expenses
    
  • Find out what the teaching loads are and how many terms you get off
    
  • Find out how many advisees you are expected to have
    
  • See if you can negotiate for a lighter teaching load
    
  • Use all of the above to gauge how serious they are about the offer, what the institutional environment is like
    
  • Talk to peers about what they are going, find out the "going rate"
    
  • Find out how many junior faculty are ahead of you and determine if the institution will/can nominate you for a Sloan fellowship
    
  • Don't let the negotiation drag on too long, 2-3 iterations should be enough
• Starting the job
  
  • Don't take on too much: you will be busy moving, possibly changing research direction
    
  • This is not the time to get involved in writing a major review article or some wacky, high-risk project
    
  • Get a list of incoming students and write each a personal letter telling them who you are, what your research is, and inviting them to visit you
    
  • Getting 1-2 good graduate students is key to success
    
  • Take social invitations from other faculty if possible
    
  • Get invested in your community
    
  • Give seminar/colloquia early on to "introduce" yourself to the community

Notes on Fisher Files, Sequence II, Episode 5 - Travel

Here are my notes on the Fisher Files episode entitled "Travel."

• Three questions to ask before you travel:
  
  1. Why are you going?
     
  2. Do you need to go? (be honest with yourself)
     
  3. What is the cost?
• The cost and why travel sucks
  
  • Count on spending $200/day in addition to plane tickets, hotel costs $120/day and food/transportation costs $80/day
    
  • Count on losing half a day before and after the trip
    
  • You will need to reschedule things (e.g. appointments) that you would normally do when you are gone on the trip
    
  • Airports and airplanes are physically bad for you (bad food, crowded, noisy, bacteria)
    
  • Uncertainty about when you will get somewhere, waiting time is stressful
• Ways to make travel better
  
  • Take a direct flight, minimize time on airplanes
    
  • Carry-on your luggage and don't check in any luggage if possible
    
  • Don't forget chargers and adapters for electronic equipment
    
  • Rent a car; it's much more flexible and reliable than a taxi or public transportation
    
  • Pay extra $20 for GPS unit if you're in unfamiliar territory
    
  • Method to fall asleep: count breaths (1 - exhale, 2 - inhale, 3 - exhale, ... , 10 - inhale, repeat)
    
  • When you get to the hotel, immediately unpack and make yourself at home (hang things up, tidy up)
    
  • Eat well and sleep well (otherwise you are at high risk for getting sick), Peter likes to carry apples and water
    
  • Go to the grocery store and pick up some simple food so you can eat what you like, when you like and in non-public places
    
  • Treat yourself a little; don't be a miser
• Don't travel at all if you're just exchanging information, use technology like Skype, IM, video conferencing
  
• Misc
  
  • Don't tell your spouse/friend/etc how horrible your trip is going to be and how you don't want to go; tell him/her how important and valuable the trip will be to you
    
  • Getting tons of work done on the plane (because of no distractions) is a myth
    
  • Reality is probably: 1/3 time, get work done, 1/3 time, reading or other pleasant task, 1/3 time, just lost time
• Organization
  
  • Keep receipts in a zip lock bag while you are traveling
    
  • Unpack immediately when you get home and take care of travel reimbursements
    
  • Send thank you notes to people afterwards

Notes on Fisher Files, Sequence II, Episode 4 - Postdoc

Here are my notes on the Fisher Files episode entitled "Postdoc."

Part 1: Getting a Postdoc

• Preliminaries
  
  • Good time to start looking for a postdoc is when you begin to write your thesis
    
  • Think about what you want to do with your life
    
  • Decide whether you want to stay in academia or do something else
    
  • Talk to your advisor, people a little outside your field to learn about jobs outside academia
    
  • Myth 1: You can get a job as a quantitative analyst on Wall Street
    
  • Yes, but quants are not a part of the company's core operation so they can easily be laid off in an economic downturn
    
  • Myth 2: Industry pays more
    
  • Yes, you get more in dollars, but you have to look at other costs. Academia allows flexible time whereas most jobs require you to be in the office 9-5. There is also a dress code in business. Finally, academics don't have the expense of beautifying their homes for the purposes of entertaining guests for business.
• Where to look for a job
  
  • Web, back pages of Physics Today
    
  • Use web/print to get a sense for the market and what people are booking for, also useful if you want to change your field a little bit
    
  • Talk to your advisor and other people in your group
• Contacting people for jobs
  
  • Component 1: CV
    
    • Includes educational history, positions held, references, contact information etc
      
    • Put everything in there, don't leave anything out or assume that people will look up that information on the web
      
    • Primary purpose of CV is to provide factual information; intangible information should be in cover letter
  • Component 2: Cover letter
    
    • Write separate cover letter for each job
      
    • Paragraph 1: Tell person a little about yourself
      
    • Paragraph 2: Say how you heard about the job and why you're interested
      
    • Paragraph 3: Conclude with saying that you'd like to apply for a position and come visit, give contact information.
      
    • Want everything to fit on one page because the reader doesn't have time and because you don't have a lot to say this point anyways
  • Act quickly if someone tells you they have a job opening. Email them your CV and cover letter immediately.
    
  • Generally easy to find good postdocs because there is a strong demand
• Job talk
  
  • May be the first time you have given an hour long seminar
    
  • What you talk about should be interesting and engaging even if you personally think it's boring (that's just your perception)
    
  • You will probably have a mixed audience ranging from undergraduates to senior faculty, so you should have something for everyone
    
  • Don't feel compelled to show every detail of everything you've done
    
  • Two key things to achieve in talk: be interesting and engaging and make it clear what your role in the work was
    
  • Outline of talk: 1) why audience should care about the topic, 2) why you care about the topic, 3) what you've been doing
    
  • Mention the technical skills you've developed
    
  • Unlike most talks, the talks is really about you. Compare the job talk to a conference talk where you are speaking on behalf of your collaborators
• Interview
  
  • You should feel free to ask any questions you feel are important
    
  • Talk to people at the institution at all levels: faculty, postdocs, graduate students
    
  • Arrange time to meet with postdocs and graduate students because their lives will become your life
    
  • Before you leave, make sure you and your host have a clear status, i.e. who will be contacting who and when about an offer
    
  • After your visit, send a thank you note
    
  • If you're not very interested, say so and it will make it easier for you to say no later
    
  • If you're really interested, absolutely say so
    
  • If you would absolutely take the job, say so but be a little circumspect
• Accepting an offer
  
  • If you get an offer, have one week to one month to give an answer
    
  • There is a little room for negotiation on moving costs
    
  • When you get ready to accept an offer, email the person with your understanding of the position including start date (should be compatible with thesis completion date), your expected responsibilities, etc
    
  • Make explicit what your expectations are before you take the job

Part 2: Being a postdoc

• Purpose
  
  • Graduate school is about demonstrating that you can complete a piece of work, have mastery over some area of your field, and that you have some technical skills you can build on
    
  • Postdoc is about demonstrating that you can undertake a major element of your group's program and bring it to fruition
    
  • This will involve managing students (possibly other postdocs), managing resources, representing work within your community
    
  • Also includes showing that you can operate autonomously
    
  • Make sure you accept a job where you can do all these things
    
  • When you start the job, spend a month listening and seeing how things work in your group and field before you make a move
• Credit
  
  • You should carve out your own part in a project, but at the same time, you need to collaborate and help other people
    
  • May be conflicts particularly if you take a job with a junior faculty member
    
  • Working with junior faculty is not necessarily bad since they often have the most interesting and exciting ideas
    
  • However, they are in the same position as you: to be promoted, they need to be seen as people who did a certain piece of work
    
  • This can lead to fighting over credit
    
  • Avoid these types of conflicts by discussing the matter well beforehand
    
  • Peter: in his experience, there is more than enough credit to go around and the specific details of who did what don't usually come up in tenure review. It's more about was guidance given, was there support/synergy, was there a nice mix of abilities
• Broad perspective
  
  • Postdoc is a good time in your career because you have little responsibility (no teaching, committee work) and you can really focus on your research
    
  • Also a good time to switch out of physics as a career
    
  • Be aware that your postdoc has a limited time extent, so you should make sure your project comes to fruition before your postdoc ends

Summary

• Start looking for a postdoc well in advance
  
• Think about it a lot
  
• Talk to lots of people
  
• Pick something you're interested and passionate about rather than something safe or easy
  
• The postdoc is a time you need to excel and you are more likely to excel in something you believe in

Notes on Fisher Files, Sequence II, Episode 3 - Your thesis

Here are my notes on the Fisher Files episode entitled "Your thesis."

• For the student, the thesis is their first real attempt at scientific expression
  
  • Time when you stop and summarize what you've done in last few years
    
  • Watershed moment in your career
    
  • Your thesis should be well-written, well-formatted, well-thought out and represent a good piece of work
    
  • Your thesis might not be read much, but that's not the point; the point is the process
    
  • The thesis is an exercise in bringing something to completion in a graceful and elegant manner
• Start writing thesis about 9 months before defense
  
  • Typically work is still in progress at this point
    
  • The intensive stage of writing comes 3-5 months before the defense
    
  • Should have data analysis done before intensive phase of writing
    
  • Advisors and students should decide consciously when the thesis officially starts
    
• Length of thesis
  
  • Length of thesis is debatable; Sam Ting wants 25 pages, Peter starts with a low figure of 40 pages, but his students theses typically end up being 70-80 pages
    
  • The thesis should not be a bloated work that includes everything
    
  • It should be concise and readable with an emphasis on what *you* did
• Steps to planning the thesis
  
  1. Write an outline down to level 2 (level 1 is the chapters, level 2 is the sections of the chapters). If the student writes a good level 2 outline, Peter usually finds that half the battle is won.
     
  2. Figure out how many pages each section will be (typically 15-25 parts which are a few pages long).
     
  3. Make up a writing schedule. Typically encompasses 7 months which may seem long, but that's how long it takes.
• Writing the thesis
  
  • Read Strunk and White to get a sense of what good writing is; you want to write a good thesis so that you end up with something that you are proud of
    
  • Peter's philosophy: the student should minimize explanations or descriptions of work they weren't involved in
    
  • Example: description of L3 detectors. Student would describe each major component, give major numbers describing their performance, give rough dimensions of the components, and provide good references.
    
  • Technical details like construction of hardware should go in the appendix and not the main body
    
  • The thesis should be a story that explains the motivation, design, and execution of the work. However, it should not rely on narrative.
• In physics, professors won't let their student defend their thesis if the content of the thesis is wrong
  
• Peter: won't schedule the thesis defense until he and the student have agreed that the thesis is in its final form (meaning that they know what the result is although the writing of the thesis itself may not be finished)
  
• Advisor's role in thesis
  
  • Key point: good communication between student and advisor early on, otherwise a lot of time can be wasted
    
  • Advisor should guide and not write the thesis, especially in matters of style, how the thesis is worded, logic
    
  • Advisor should allow the student to express things in their own way
    
  • However, the advisor and student obviously have to agree on the conclusion
• How to mitigate the onerous task of writing the thesis
  
  • Set intermediate goals (weekly if possible)
    
  • Give yourself a little treat after you accomplish each goal (e.g. a nice dinner)
    
  • Ask fellow graduate students and postdocs to look at your drafts as you go along
    
  • Postdocs can be extremely helpful because they recently wrote their thesis and they haven't been jaded by reading dozens of theses like faculty
• Senior theses
  
  • Typically shorter than PhD theses
    
  • Not necessarily a scientific statement, can simply be a description of what the student has done
    
  • Peter: will often have students write about instrumentation or a calculation they have done
    
  • Student should finish their research by September of the senior year, spend fall term writing the thesis, and turn in their thesis during spring semester
    
  • This gives the student time to enjoy spring semester of their senior year and avoids the crunch of writing just before graduation
• Summary
  
  • Plan your thesis well ahead of time
    
  • Take it slow (which allows people to make reasonable decisions)
    
  • Talk to lots of people
    
  • Communicate well with your advisor
    
  • Remember the goal of writing the thesis is to have a product that you're proud of
    
  • Remember that the goal of graduate school is to show that you can take command of something
    
  • Often, while in the process of writing the thesis, the student will become enthusiastic about his/her research topic and realize that he/she can be an expert in a difficult topic that few people understand (this can be quite charming from a faculty standpoint)

Notes on Fisher Files, Sequence II, Episode 2 - Screwed!

Here are my notes on the Fisher Files episode entitled "Screwed!"

• Stick up for yourself when confronted with a conflict. Don't get walked all over. If you don't deal with the conflict, it becomes emotional baggage later. Not good.
  
• One way to resolve a conflict is to talk to the perpetrator. But be careful. First, meet at neutral ground (e.g. tell the person, let's get coffee). Find some way to approach the issue indirectly, rather than attacking the person or forcing the issue. If the person feels relaxed and not-defensive, you are more likely to get his/her real perspective. Keep the conversation from degenerating into a battle. It only gets ugly from there.
  
• A good thing to do before you confront the person or the issue is to seek the advice of senior people. They have experience with such matters and take the long-term view.

Notes on Fisher Files, Sequence II, Episode 1 - Imposter!

A friend of mine complained about feeling inadequate, so I'm writing up some notes on the recent Fisher Files episode entitled "Imposter!"

• It's OK to feel like an imposter. A little humility is a good thing.
  
• But you have to recognize your own self-worth. (As one of my undergrad professors told me, plenty of people will say bad things about you, so why add to that by saying negative things about yourself?)
  
• Some advice on how to avoid the trap of getting too down on yourself:
  
  1. It is easy to make the mistake of lumping a bunch of individual achievements into one. If you take the AND of all the achievements of everyone you know, of course you will lose out since person1 AND person2 AND ... AND personN >> you.
     
  2. You should realize that other people see you very differently than you see yourself. They remember the great successes that you had in the past and *continue* to recognize them despite the fact that your life may not be going very well this particular day, week, or year. Good work is not forgotten! To get some perspective, think of how you view others.
     
  3. In academia (unlike many careers), you are often only one brilliant idea away from greatness. If you do something great as a grad student, your work will (usually) not be diminished by your status as a grad student.
     
  4. Have confidence in what you know. Stop and reflect about all the things you know and can do. Think of all the major milestones you've passed: qualifying exams, getting your undergraduate degree, etc. Those are all significant accomplishments.

How much sleep do I need?

I realized that I have never tried to figure out how much sleep I need. From reading a few articles on the web (wikihow and WebMD), it seems like I should first need to normalize my sleep schedule (go to sleep and wake up at the same time every day for 1-2 weeks). Then I should sleep in on a weekend and see how long I naturally sleep. If it's longer than my regular sleep schedule, then I know I need to sleep longer. If it's shorter, than I know I'm getting too much sleep.

I don't know when I'll be able to do my sleep experiment. But the sooner I figure it out, the better.

Link of the day: Graduate student work day

Since I'm on the topic of time management, here's a sample schedule of a graduate student I found via Cal Newport.

Unschedule estimate

I've been reading the Now Habit and it discusses something called the Unschedule. You should figure out all the non-work activities you have on your plate, put them in a schedule, and then fit your work around them. That idea works pretty well for graduate studies who have a lot of unstructured time. I've started something like that before in this post.

It's been a while so I should count hours again. Here's my estimate of non-work activities during a typical week:

Meeting with advisor - 1 hour
Group meeting - 2 hours

Study hall - 4 hours
Class - 3 hours
CMT seminar - 1 hour
Physics colloquium - 1 hour

Medical appointment - 1 hour (I actually go once a month, so this is an average which includes the hassle of commuting to the doctor's office)
Sleep - 56 hours
Meals - 21 hours

Hockey - 4 hours
Gym - 8 hours (I don't actually go 8 hours yet, but I'd like to ... )

Cleaning/computer maintenance - 2 hours
Commute - 6 hours (hard to believe that just walking around campus takes up that much time)
Post office/grocery shopping/random errands - 1 hour
RSS reading - 7 hours

That leaves 50 hours a week to do work (defined as reading for class, problem sets, and research). And it's not possible to work that whole time because you need to take breaks, so maybe at my best, I could do 40 hours of quality work a week?

I'm going to keep a time log of my activities over the next week to get a sense of whether this estimate is correct.

Bedtime routine

I complained in a previous post that I still don't have a bedtime routine after all these years.

I'm going to try to sketch a rough draft (qmechanic bedtime routine v1.0 if you wish). I will fill out my daily checklist, floss and brush my teeth, set my alarm clock, and read some printed articles. I have read in multiple places that lit screens (e.g. computer monitors and TVs) artificially stimulate your brain when you should be winding down. So I will (sadly) have to shut down my computer.

Admin day experiment

So I tried an all-administration day like I discussed in a previous post. In short, it didn't work. I'm not a professor so I don't have enough administration to fill up a day. I ended up doing some stuff for half the day and then sitting around my room goofing off the rest of the day.

The problem is that I chose Thursday which is my least busy weekday. What I should have done is piled all the administration on Wednesday when I have two classes and am pretty tired by the end of the day. But Wednesday is not so busy that I don't have time to do administration at all. So I think the key is to pick a day that is busy but not too packed.

Link of the day: Think inside the box

Lots of people probably know this, but sometimes you should think inside the box rather than thinking outside the box. A brief article explains this concept.

The problem with just thinking outside the box is that there are too many possibilities and people generally find that overwhelming. What you should do instead is to find a different box and think there. Physicists do this all the time. They get out of their lab and go hiking and suddenly come up with a brilliant idea.

So get out of your room/office or wherever you are and try some different boxes.

Quality of joy

People often seem to think that I'm a workaholic and overly serious. I consider hockey to be my fun away from work and even then, I'm constantly reading up on techniques and working on ways to improve my skills. My teammates think I'm a little nuts. This season, I've decided that my focus will be skating, so I'm trying hit the rink twice a week for one hour skating sessions. GTD and lifehacking also can seem that way. People spend all this time to develop their productivity systems, boost their efficiency, etc and it's as if they're giving themselves more work (well, except when you have too much fun developing your system :) )

The best justification I can come up with, for the perhaps non-mainstream way I live my life, is that I believe in quality over quantity. I like to work 90% of the time to get that 10% of euphoric joy when I truly understand a physics concept, when I cap off a research project by writing a beautiful paper or give a lucid talk, when I rip a slapshot off.

Similarly, David Allen has said that he developed his GTD system so that he would have time to do what he really loves like bonsai gardening.

People often say that their greatest joy in life is their children and maybe what they really mean is that yes, it takes a ton of work to raise a child, but the joy they get from doing it is off the charts.

As a footnote, I should add that I personally find it aggravating to be bad at something so I also have a negative motivation for working hard! Both physics and hockey are difficult to learn and it's just no fun to do either if you haven't mastered the fundamentals. Of course, once you master the fundamentals of one stage, you move on to the next stage and sit around being frustrated with feeling stupid, work hard to learn enough to get past that stage and so on.

Internet lockdown

There are times when I just can't seem to stop surfing the web. I've finally figured out a way that I can still be connected to the internet and not waste time zoning out on the web.

My approach is two-pronged. First, I use a program called Temptation Blocker to turn off access to Internet Explorer, Opera, Netscape, and all other browsers except for Firefox. Now the only browser I can use is Firefox. (If I'm really desperate, I can turn off Temptation Blocker, but I have to enter a 32 character string.) For Firefox, I have installed an add-on called Leech Block. The user can enter the domain names of websites into Leech Blocker's options. These websites will be blocked. Examples of websites I have blocked are hockey sites, news sites like the New York Times, and Facebook.

Naturally, I could just turn off all this software. But it provides enough of a deterrent to work. If I regress to doing something I'm not supposed to, the software slows me down long enough for my discipline (what little I have) to kick in.

All-administration day

Over at Academic Productivity, Cal Newport reports that the best professors carve out at least one day for only research and many also devote one day to just administration. The first idea is pretty obvious. It's hard to think deep thoughts if you're constantly interrupted. The second idea is an application of batching.

Cal suggests that graduate students do something similar. Spend one day on administration, one day on big ideas, and three days on normal research activities. (Cal, you don't work on weekends?!)

I'm still trying to figure out what the heck is going on, so I'll pass on the day devoted to big ideas. However, I think I can certainly incorporate an administration day into my week. Hockey practice last Wednesday really exhausted me because of both the physical exertion and the fact that it stretched my waking period so long (I wake up at 5-6 am and hockey practice ends at 11 pm). I realized that I should expect to be exhausted on Thursday (the day after), so Thursdays make ideal all-administration days. Some things that I can do on administration days: write blog entries, post photos on Flickr, pay credit card bills, look over my finances in Quicken, save .pdfs of papers and input their BibTeX info into Jabref, grocery shopping, etc. I'm even going to try moving my weekly review to Thursdays (formerly on Saturdays).

I've also thought of a way to make the batching process earlier. Anytime I have a task I want to do later, I can send myself an email to my gmail account. For example, if I want to save a copy of the article arXiv:0705.1002, I can write an email with subject title: "save pdf" and the URL inside the email body, then send the email to username+p@gmail.com. The postive sign and letters after it will be ignored and the email will just go to username@gmail.com, but I can use username+p@gmail.com to filter the email into a special label called "process." Then on my administrative day, I can simply go through that folder. I got this idea from an article about "generate unlimited email addresses" on digital alchemy.

Link of the day: Incoherently Scattered Ponderings

I found another blog written by a condensed matter physicist at Incoherently Scattered Ponderings. This blog consists of the random thoughts of a junior faculty member at a top research university. Most posts seem to be about the politics of university life with some writing about recent physics research. The author also seems to enjoy lifehacking. Yay, for another condensed matter physics blog!

Link of the Day: Study Hacks

I stumbled across a blog by Cal Newport, who is a computer science graduate student at MIT. His blog focuses on productivity advice for students. He espouses some interesting ideas like the Straight-A Gospels.

Here are some of the posts that caught my eye:

• "Never be hungry" - I have learned the hard way about skipping meals. JUST DON'T DO IT. Cal also suggests that you should drink three glasses of water and eat one healthy snack per caffeinated beverage.
  
• "Studying is a technical skill" and "Pseudo-work does not equal work" are posts about you can train yourself to be ultra-efficient with your studying. This is related to the old adage of "work smarter not harder."
  
• "What makes an interesting life interesting?" - I like idea #4 of having one secret project. Feynman used to work on multiple secret projects at the same time. At any one time, one of them would be successful, so it made him look like a genius (not that anyone thought he was dumb).
  
• "Paying your dues" - I agree with Cal that the baby boomer generation is really harsh on us twenty-year olds. We should all send this blog post to our parents to make them realize that no, we are not a bunch of spoiled brats. To me, the idea of paying your dues is just a vicious cycle of abuse. Your boss: My parents/elders/bosses made me suffer, so you should suffer, too.
  
• "The graph as a question" - I like to structure papers and presentations around figures, but I've never thought of figure-based learning.

Quote of the day: The right (kind of) stuff

I enjoyed this short motivational paragraph from Eugene Wallingford.

You seek to cultivate...

... the kind of laziness that makes you want to minimize future effort but investing effort today, to maximize your productivity and performance over the long haul, not the kind that leads you to avoid essential work or makes you want to cut corners.

... the kind of impatience that encourages you to work harder, not the kind of impatience that steals your spirit when you hit a wall or makes you want to cut corners.

... the kind of hubris that makes you think that you can do it, to trust yourself, not the kind of hubris that makes you think you don't have to listen to the problem, your code, or other people -- or the kind that makes you want to cut corners.

Universities as corporations

The more I think about, the more universities seem like corporations than schools. We've always heard that research universities want their professors to spend most of their time on obtaining grants rather than teaching or mentoring students. I tried to find some budget numbers to prove that claim. Here's a (very hard-to-read) revenue graph from the MIT Tech Talk newspaper. You can see that research grant money is roughly 1-2 times larger than tuition money in terms of contributions to the university revenue (over the past 50 years). No wonder Harvard, Columbia, and other schools are rushing to expand their science campuses. Anytime a professor wins a grant, 1/3 to 1/2 the grant money goes to the university in the form of "indirect costs."

It all makes me wonder what is the central mission of universities? To educate students or to act like engineering/pharmaceutical companies?

Ask a Scientist

I helped out with the Girls' Science Investigations program today. It's an outreach program run by a woman Yale physics professor. We spend a day teaching girls about some interesting aspect of physics. Today our topic was the electromagnetic spectrum and observing charged particles in bubble chambers.

At the end of the day, the girls wrote down questions on notecards and the chairwoman Meg Urry (an astrophysicist) answered the questions.

Here are a few of the more humorous questions:
1. How do you have sex? (Meg said that the girls were too young to know the answer.)
2. What is string theory?
3. How much pressure do you have to put on someone's nose before it explodes?
4. Do physicists have real fun? (I noticed that Meg Urry completely avoided that question.)
5. I like chicken. How does it help your body?

Grouchiness = productivity?

I don't know why but it seems like as I get more productive, I get more determined and hence am easily annoyed with anyone or anything that gets in the way. In short, I become a grouchy, taciturn individual. I wonder if this is just the way I am, or if I can work on becoming both a productive and pleasant person at the same time?

Quote of the day by Robert Heinlein

Certainly the game is rigged. Don’t let that stop you; if you don’t bet, you can’t win.

- Robert Heinlein

My sister insisted that I watch this video of a lecture (available here) given by a Carnegie Mellon professor, Randy Pausch.

The basic backstory is that Randy has just a few months to live because he is dying for cancer and so he is giving his "last lecture" in which he tries to tell people what is most important to him. The lecture is about all his childhood dreams, how he achieved most of them, and what lessons he learned along the way. Of course, it's really sad that he's dying, but the cool stuff is all the work he did on virtual reality and using entertainment technology to teach children how to program. I also really like how he talked about multiple failures he had in life and how he got around them. For instance, he was not admitted to his undergraduate or graduate
institution but ended up getting into both! For those of you who wonder how you can help people despite being a professor, watch this video.

Two things I'd like to work on

First, I want to only eat vegetables, fruit, grains (like rice, pasta, bread), and lean meat (like turkey, fish, and chicken). No animal fat and no vegetables or meat covered in oil.

Second, I want to stop checking my email in the morning. I'm moving my Yahoo calendar notifications to an email address that no one knows about, so that I can still get my notifications without being distracted by other message.

Science outreach for girls

I volunteered to help out with an outreach program that involves introducing major physics concepts to middle school girls. I find a few things disturbing about the program.

First, the professor running the outreach program is a woman and the outreach program is a requirement for her NSF grant. Are there men doing this outreach programs as a requirement for their NSF grants, too? It would be extremely unfair if female professors were required to do outreach in addition to all their other responsibilities. Frankly, no tenure committee will care if a professor does outreach. It seems like a way for female professors to have even less time for their research. Certainly, the male assistant physics professors in my department are not doing any outreach.

For this outreach program, the male volunteers are supposed to stand in the back while the female volunteers are in the spotlight. I find that a bit disconcerting. In real life, male and female scientists work together. I don't really see why it's necessary for the male volunteers to hide. In fact, it seems a bit like lying to me; just like how people write children's books trying to push their political views (e.g. saving the environment). Brainwashing children is evil.

Current blog reading: hard news only

I've known for a while that I waste far too much time on reading RSS feeds. The worst time-sink was the New York Times, in particular, the popular articles and the headlines. As one of my friends noted, the New York Times has been leaning more and more towards soft news because unfortunately, that is what sells. People don't really care what's happening in Iraq. They'd rather read about autism or college admissions. Anyone who actually cares about world news will flip to the relevant section anyways.

So now my news feeds consist of the New York Times national news, New York Times international news, Wall Street Journal US business news, Wall Street Journal economy news, and Wall Street Journal market news sections.

In addition, my daily blog reading includes the headlines of physics articles, a physics blog or two, the Chronicle of Higher Education, Lifehacker, the Writer's Almanac, and a photo or two. I think this gives me the most efficient and representative mix of work, news, and culture.

Addendum to my self-absorbed rant

I should have added that being self-absorbed is something that we all have to work very hard to drive away in the modern age. Perhaps one might have even said that my rant was a little self-absorbed (though I'm not sure that discussing self-absorbed people is a great way to make dinner conversation).

Marketing is huge which results in materialism. More and more you hear about companies creating jobs that cater to the millennium generation. Most universities are headed towards institutionalizing many student concerns; MIT even had a dean of alcohol at some point. Of course, some of that is good, but I wish there were a message that counterbalances the former message. That we should embrace challenges and work out our own solutions and perhaps even come to see the silver lining of the things we complain about. By far the worse thing is how competitive our world has become and it feels like we must constantly be building and tweaking our market brand. That is understandable, but what concerns me is all the talk of attaining the perfect job or living in the best city. The "please me first" attitude makes me uncomfortable.

I think the best way to keep yourself from being self-absorbed is to work with other people in a non-profit driven activity. Like tutoring. Many people who apply for faculty jobs don't really want to teach, but I wouldn't be able to do research all day anyways and teaching is an excellent way to complement research. Let's stop the trend of everyone marketing to each other. This is no way to live.

The 21 day complaint free experiment

This is an interesting idea. You wear a bracelet as a pledge to stop complaining. You might also extend this method to other problems like worrying.

Sick of selfishness and self-importance

I thought I'd use this blog post to complain. I'm tired of people who are self-absorbed. I feel like most of the people I talk to just automatically launch into what's important in their lives. They don't even bother to let me into the conversation. I'm tired of everyone being too busy and constant scheduling (although I have to say that I sometimes use the excuse of being "busy" too). Nowadays, if you ask someone for their time, they mentally scan their schedule and decide whether you're worth their time. These are people who are just in school, behaving like CEOs. I understand that everyone is busy, but I don't like being treated like a number in a queue. I'm tired of people who treat email like junk mail. They don't respond timely; sometimes they don't even respond at all. Well, I don't treat email like junk mail. I put time and thought into what I write. Maybe I just start sending people written letters instead. I'm tired of parents who treat their children like investments. I understand that in modern society, families only have 1-2 children and spend a lot of money on them. But children shouldn't be expected to turn around and pay interest or face constant emotional guilt-tripping. The point of having children is to raise emotionally healthy, independent adults.

Maybe I'll just move to a small town or move to a cabin in the mountains.

On a side note, one of my friends sent me an article about cheating in school from the San Francisco Chronicle magazine. Pretty depressing.

Sharpie micro pocket pen

I settled on the Sharpie micro as my pocket pen. Here's a photo of it with an index card laid over my shorts:

Lanyards

I've seen these nice straps/cords used to attach one object to another. Finally, I've learned that these tools are called lanyards! I've been looking for a lanyard to secure my keys and recently found a nice website for buying them called the Lanyard Factory. (You can get hundreds of different kinds lanyards with different attachments and customized in different colors and prints.)

So here's the lanyard I ended up getting (model number LY-2E-404HD-Ez). A picture of the lanyard attaching my key ring to my belt hook:



A closeup of the lanyard itself:

Yahoo Pipes for more efficient reading

One of my colleagues complained that there are too many journal articles. I think a way to fix that problem is to use Yahoo Pipes. A good place to start is a nice tutorial from Lifehacker. You just give Yahoo Pipes one or more feeds, some filtering criteria, and then Yahoo Pipes will generate a custom feed for you. I haven't tried it yet, but it sounds like a great idea.

Journals for negative results

I have been told by more than one person that it would be useful to know what *didn't* work so that people wouldn't constantly go down the wrong path designing and building their experiments. Apparently, there is at least one real journal for negative results: Journal of Negative Results in Biomedicine.

Nintendo DS Lite as a travel sanity device

I was looking for the entries in Lifehacker's Show Us Your Go Bag series and I noticed that many people keep a Nintendo DS Lite in their go bag. I realized that I can bring a DS Lite with me when I travel to drive away the blues and the torture of being in airports/airplanes. On my very last trip, I took the DS Lite with me and played Castlevania: Dawn of Sorrow. One of my flights was delayed by almost two hours; thank god for Nintendo. I had told everyone that I had given up video games, but I guess I can make an exception for traveling (yay, a treat!) (My new rule is that I'm only allowed to play my DS when I travel.)

Link of the day: Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs video lectures

I was so psyched when I found out that my all-time favorite course had video lectures available for download! I took the fabled Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs course (known as 6.001 to the students) as an undergraduate (though not with the creators of the course, Abelson and Sussman). I loved how we went through all the cool stuff in CS in just one course! We covered recursion, object oriented programming, compilers, streams, and of course lambda calculus (keep in mind that this was meant to be an introductory course). My favorite project was the object-oriented adventure game.

Link of the day: Genius on demand

Tim Ferriss thinks he has a routine to create genius on demand (or at least on a somewhat consistent basis). Check out his recipe.

Sharpie micro and Staples Mini Gel Stick pens as pocket pens

Sharpie has a new pen called the Sharpie Micro which comes in an array of colors (over 10!). It has a fine point tip (about the same size as the typical ball point pen). The best part is the Micro is tiny - about 3.5 inches long and 3/8 inch in diameter.

Staples also carries a Mini Gel Stick pen. It's a little longer than the Sharper but a bit thinner.

Both pens are cheap. The Sharpie is $1.50/pen and the Staples Mini pen comes in packs of a dozen: $3.78/dozen (either black or colored assortment).

qmechanic OS 2.0 and productivity suite 1.0

About a year or two ago, I remember reading a Steve Pavlina post where he made the following analogy:

My beliefs and attitude were the operating system (OS). And my thoughts (including those which directed my actions) were software programs. The software runs on top of the OS which runs on top of the hardware.

At the time, I thought it was hilarious to think of yourself as a computer. But nowadays I take the idea more seriously.
I would say that my OS (operating system) is at version 2.0. I made it from birth through college with pretty much the same values and attitude (OS 1.0). Grad school and various life events caused upheaval (new people, new expectations, new environment, parental problems). So I was forced to "upgrade" to OS 2.0.
As for software, I would consider my work on lifehacks to be "productivity suite 1.0". I'm pretty pleased with it in general. My one complaint is that I haven't found a good bedtime routine which helps me fall asleep. I guess I will work on fixing that in version 1.x!